Kviðarholsvefi

Kviðarholsvefi refers to the tissues that line and support the abdominal cavity. In anatomical use, the term encompasses the peritoneum as well as related connective tissue structures that organize and cushion the organs within the abdomen.

The peritoneum is a serous membrane with two layers: the parietal peritoneum lining the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum covering most abdominal organs. Between these layers is the peritoneal cavity, containing a small amount of lubricating fluid that reduces friction during organ movement. Associated tissues include mesenteries, omenta, and ligaments formed by folds of peritoneum, as well as the connective tissues and fat that help position and protect the organs.

Key components classified as kviðarholsvefi include the mesentery, which anchors the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall, and the omenta (greater and lesser), which extend from the stomach and provide pathways for vessels and fat storage. The peritoneal membranes and these connective tissue structures together contribute to organ mobility, fluid balance, and immune defense, with fat deposits delivering energy reserves and cushioning.

Embryologically, most kviðarholsvefi derive from the mesothelium and mesoderm, forming as the gut tubes develop and settle within the abdomen. Clinically important conditions affecting these tissues include peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum), ascites (fluid accumulation), and postoperative adhesions that can alter organ movement. Peritoneal dialysis also relies on the properties of the peritoneal surface for exchange of fluids and waste.

In summary, kviðarholsvefi describe the abdominal cavity’s tissues that form a protective, lubricated, and mobile framework for visceral organs, with essential roles in metabolism, immunity, and surgical health.