Kv4x

Kv4x refers to a subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels. These channels are characterized by their rapid inactivation properties, which play a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and shaping action potential waveforms. The Kv4x subfamily is comprised of three main genes: KCND1, KCND2, and KCND3, which encode the Kv4.1, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3 channel subunits, respectively. These subunits can assemble to form homomeric channels or heteromeric channels with other Kv4 subunits, leading to a diverse range of functional properties.

Kv4 channels are widely expressed in the nervous system, particularly in neurons of the brain and spinal cord, as well as in cardiac muscle. In neurons, they are often localized to dendrites and contribute to dendritic excitability and synaptic plasticity. Their rapid inactivation allows for precise control over the timing and frequency of neuronal firing. In the heart, Kv4 channels contribute to the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential, influencing heart rate and rhythm. Disruptions in Kv4 channel function have been linked to various neurological disorders, including epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias, highlighting their physiological importance. Research continues to explore the specific roles and regulatory mechanisms of these critical ion channels.