Kutsunta

Kutsunta is the Finnish term for the system of mandatory military service, primarily affecting male citizens. It refers to the call-up process, the service itself, and the continuation of defense obligations through the reserve. The system is administered by the Finnish Defence Forces and governed by the relevant legislation.

The process typically begins with registration and medical and aptitude assessments. Depending on the outcome, conscripts are assigned to service in the army, navy, or air force. The length of service varies by branch and role, but it is generally several months (commonly around six to twelve months). After completing active service, individuals join the reserve and may be recalled for periodic training and duties until the end of their eligibility period.

The legal framework includes a conscription act and related laws that determine eligibility, deferrals, and exemptions. Exemptions can be granted for health reasons, essential occupations, or other compelling circumstances. Deferral is possible for students or those in special situations. Conscientious objectors may perform civilian service (siviilipalvelus) instead of military service.

Women are not subject to compulsory service, but they may volunteer for military service; Finland also provides the option of civilian service for those who object to military service on ethical or religious grounds. In practice, Kutsunta supports Finland’s defense readiness through a large pool of trained reserves, while reforms in recent decades have emphasized flexibility, voluntary enlistment, and the role of reserve forces within a professional framework.