Kurgansmounded

Kurgansmounded is not a standard term in archaeology; it can be used informally to describe sites that feature kurgan-type mounds, artificial earthen or stone coverings over graves. The word kurgan itself comes from Turkic languages and Russian usage, meaning a mound or tumulus. In Eurasia, kurgans are among the most widespread burial monuments, ranging from the Pontic-Caspian steppe to Central Asia and the Caucasus, with a span from the late Neolithic through the medieval period.

They vary greatly in size and construction, from small conical mounds a few meters across to large necropoleis with stone-paved chambers or timber-lined graves. Construction typically involved transporting earth or stone to form a mound over a grave, sometimes surmounted with a stone cairn, a wooden chamber, or a walled tumulus. Many contain grave goods such as pottery, weapons, jewelry, and occasionally human or animal sacrifices; some also include ditches, ramps, or enclosures.

Archaeologically, kurgans are crucial for tracing social organization, cultural exchange, and migration. They are associated with successive cultures, including the Yamnaya in the 4th millennium BCE, Scythians and Sarmatians in the first millennium BCE, and various Turkic and Mongolic groups in subsequent periods. Preservation varies; looting is common, but well-preserved examples provide insights into burial practices, ritual offerings, and regional interactions.