Kulgemisega

Kulgemisega is an Estonian linguistic term used to describe a comitative construction formed from the noun kulgemine (progress, development) plus the comitative suffix -ga. It denotes that a given process occurs together with another development, or that two processes co-occur and influence each other. In usage, kulgemisega is most often found in formal or academic Estonian when discussing trends, changes, or causal relationships between phenomena, and it can frame the second process as tied to the ongoing progression of the first.

Formation and function: The base noun kulgemise is the genitive form of kulgemine, which is then combined with -ga to express accompaniment or co-occurrence. The resulting form, kulgemisega, functions like a prepositional phrase meaning “with progression” or “along with progression.” It can modify clauses, describe the relationship between processes, or serve as part of a larger noun phrase in a sentence. In discourse about change or development, kulgemisega helps foreground the interdependence between two evolving factors rather than treating one as mere background.

Examples (Estonian with English translations): Majanduse areng kulgeb tööjõu arvu suurenemisega. Translation: Economic development progresses with an increase in the number of workers. Kliimamuutuste kulgemisega kaasneb mitmesugune sotsiaalne mõju. Translation: Along with the progression of climate change, various social impacts accompany it.

See also: comitative, kulgemine, Estonian grammar. Notes on its use indicate that kulgemisega is mainly encountered in linguistics and academic writing, where precise description of interacting processes is required.