Kryofysiikka

Kryofysiikka, also known as low-temperature physics, is a branch of physics that studies phenomena occurring at very low temperatures, typically below 100 Kelvin (-173.15 degrees Celsius or -279.67 degrees Fahrenheit). This field investigates the physical properties of matter when it is cooled to these extreme temperatures, revealing unique and often surprising behaviors that are not observed at room temperature.

Key areas of study within cryophysics include superconductivity, where certain materials lose all electrical resistance, and superfluidity, a state where fluids can flow without any viscosity. It also explores phenomena like Bose-Einstein condensation, a quantum mechanical state of matter formed by cooling bosons to near absolute zero. The development of cryogenic techniques and technologies is crucial for many scientific and industrial applications, ranging from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to particle accelerators and space exploration. Understanding the behavior of materials at these low temperatures is fundamental to advancing our knowledge of condensed matter physics and developing new technologies.