Krankheitsgene

Krankheitsgene, also known as disease genes or susceptibility genes, are specific genes or gene variations that are associated with an increased risk of developing a particular disease. These genes can be inherited from parents or arise spontaneously through mutation. They do not guarantee that a person will develop a disease, but rather that they have a higher predisposition to it. The development of a disease is often a complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental influences.

There are different categories of Krankheitsgene. Some genes are directly responsible for causing rare monogenic diseases, where a mutation in a single gene leads to the disease. Examples include cystic fibrosis or Huntington's disease. In contrast, other genes contribute to the risk of common, complex diseases like heart disease, diabetes, or certain cancers. For these conditions, multiple genes, each with a small effect, interact with each other and with lifestyle and environmental factors to determine an individual's susceptibility.

Identifying Krankheitsgene is a crucial aspect of modern medical research. Genetic testing can help individuals understand their predispositions, enabling personalized preventative strategies and early interventions. Understanding the function of these genes also provides targets for developing new therapies and treatments aimed at correcting or mitigating the effects of the genetic predisposition.