Kranaatinheittimiä

Kranaatinheittimiä, often translated as mortar, is a type of artillery weapon that launches explosive projectiles called mortar shells. These weapons are characterized by their high trajectory, meaning they fire shells in an arc high into the air, allowing them to engage targets that are behind cover or difficult to reach with direct fire. Mortars are typically smoothbore, muzzle-loading weapons.

The basic components of a mortar system include the barrel, the bipod, and the baseplate. The barrel is a tube down which the shell is fired. The bipod provides stability and allows for elevation and traverse adjustments. The baseplate rests on the ground and absorbs the recoil from the firing. Mortars are operated by a crew, usually consisting of two to four soldiers.

Mortar shells are propelled down the barrel by the ignition of a propellant charge, often in the form of a cartridge inserted into the tail of the shell. The angle of the barrel, known as the elevation, determines the range of the projectile. Greater elevation generally results in a longer range. Mortars can be employed in various roles, including providing indirect fire support to infantry, suppressing enemy positions, and engaging enemy artillery.

There are many different types of mortars, varying in size and caliber. Smaller mortars, such as 60mm or 81mm, are typically portable by a small crew and can be deployed quickly. Larger mortars, like 120mm or even heavier designs, offer greater range and destructive power but require more logistical support. Their relatively simple design, ease of deployment, and effectiveness against infantry and light fortifications make them a common weapon in many military forces worldwide.