81mm

81mm refers to a specific caliber of ammunition and artillery, typically used in military and defense contexts. The designation "81mm" indicates that the diameter of the shell or mortar round is approximately 81 millimeters. This size falls within the medium mortar category, which is used for infantry support and indirect fire roles.

The 81mm caliber has been widely adopted by various armed forces around the world due to its balance between firepower, portability, and range. It is commonly deployed in mortar systems, which are portable, smooth-bore artillery pieces capable of firing shells at high angles to reach targets behind cover or at elevated positions. The shells fired from 81mm mortars can vary in explosive payloads, including high-explosive, smoke, illumination, and practice rounds.

This caliber became prominent during the 20th century, replacing older, larger mortar systems and serving as a versatile weapon in both World War II and subsequent conflicts. The 81mm mortar systems are valued for their mobility, ease of use, and effective range typically between 3 and 5 kilometers, depending on the model and round type.

Many modern armies utilize standardized 81mm mortar systems, such as the M1 and the 81mm mortar, due to their reliability and established logistics. Due to its widespread adoption, the 81mm caliber remains a common and vital component of infantry tactics in various military doctrines.

In summary, 81mm refers to a medium mortar caliber known for maritime, land, and specialized military applications, emphasizing portability and versatility in indirect fire support.