Kraftnät

Kraftnät, literally meaning the power network, is the high‑voltage transmission network that forms the backbone of an electrical power system. It transports electricity from large-scale generation facilities to distribution networks and major consumers, typically over long distances and at high voltage to minimize losses. The transmission grid is operated by a system operator under regulatory oversight in most countries.

In Sweden, Svenska Kraftnät acts as the national kraftnät. It is responsible for planning, building, operating, and maintaining the high‑voltage transmission network, coordinating supply and demand in real time, and ensuring security of electricity supply. Responsibilities include maintaining voltage and frequency stability, congestion management, and maintaining cross-border interconnections with neighboring countries to enable electricity trade. The grid also supports the integration of renewable energy by linking generators such as wind, hydro, and solar to the wider system, using AC lines and HVDC links where appropriate.

In broader terms, kraftnät designates the transmission system operator (TSO) in many regions. These entities operate under regulatory frameworks that govern grid access, tariffs, planning, and reliability standards, and they coordinate with regional grids and electricity markets to balance supply and demand.

Ongoing challenges for kraftnät include aging infrastructure, capacity constraints, and the transition to more renewable and distributed generation. Modern kraftnät projects emphasize grid modernization, flexibility, resilience, and cybersecurity to maintain reliable electricity supply.