Krízis

Krízis is a term used to describe a critical, unstable moment in which basic functions are challenged and urgent responses are needed. It is used in several fields, including psychology, sociology, economics, medicine, and politics. The word derives from the Greek krisis meaning judgment or turning point.

Types of krízis include personal psychological crises, organizational or corporate crises, financial or economic crises, public health or security crises, political or diplomatic crises, and environmental or natural disasters. Causes can be external shocks, systemic failures, leadership shortcomings, reputational threats, or resource scarcity. Impacts often involve disruption of activities, heightened stress, and the potential for lasting change, depending on how the crisis is managed.

Response to krízis involves crisis management and crisis communication, with emphasis on early detection, clear decision-making processes, designated spokespersons, and timely, accurate information. Contingency planning, business continuity measures, and post-crisis review are also important to mitigate damage and improve future readiness. Effective leadership, coordination among stakeholders, and transparent outreach to affected groups are common requirements.

In psychology, crisis intervention aims to stabilize functioning and restore coping capacity, typically within a short time frame. In the study of crisis theory, notably in social work, a crisis can be a normal turning point that, when managed well, leads to growth and change. The term krízis is also used in medical contexts to describe turning points in the course of a disease, though usage can vary by language.