Korkkipuut

Korkkipuut, scientifically known as Quercus suber, are evergreen oak trees native to the western Mediterranean region. They are primarily cultivated for their unique bark, which is harvested to produce cork. These trees are characterized by their thick, corky bark, which can be up to 20 cm thick in mature specimens. The bark regenerates after harvesting, allowing for sustainable production of cork. Korkkipuut typically grow to a height of 10-20 meters and have a broad, spreading crown. Their leaves are leathery, oval-shaped, and typically 4-7 cm long, with serrated edges. The acorns produced by Korkkipuut are edible and are a food source for wildlife.

The cultivation of Korkkipuut is concentrated in countries such as Portugal, Spain, Italy, and North Africa. Portugal is the world's largest producer of cork. The harvesting of cork, known as "stripping," is a labor-intensive process that occurs every 9-12 years. The harvested cork is then processed to create a wide range of products, including wine stoppers, flooring, insulation, and fashion accessories. Korkkipuut are well-adapted to Mediterranean climates, tolerating dry summers and mild winters. They are important for biodiversity, providing habitat and food for various species of insects, birds, and mammals. The cork industry also plays a significant role in the economies of many Mediterranean countries, supporting rural communities and sustainable land management practices.