Koreliacij

Koreliacij is a term that refers to the statistical relationship between two or more variables. It describes the extent to which these variables change together. A positive correlation means that as one variable increases, the other also tends to increase. For example, there might be a positive correlation between hours of study and exam scores. Conversely, a negative correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other tends to decrease. An example of this could be the correlation between the amount of exercise and body weight. If there is no consistent relationship between the changes in two variables, they are considered to have no correlation.

It is important to understand that correlation does not imply causation. Just because two variables are correlated does not mean that one causes the other. There could be a third, unobserved variable influencing both, or the relationship could be purely coincidental. For instance, ice cream sales and drowning incidents are often positively correlated, but neither causes the other; both are influenced by warmer weather.

Correlation is typically measured by a correlation coefficient, most commonly Pearson's r, which ranges from -1 to +1. A value of +1 indicates a perfect positive linear correlation, -1 indicates a perfect negative linear correlation, and 0 indicates no linear correlation. The strength of the correlation is indicated by the absolute value of the coefficient; values closer to 1 (either positive or negative) signify a stronger relationship. Koreliacij analysis is a fundamental tool in statistics and data analysis, used across various fields to understand relationships and make predictions.