Kordofan

Kordofan is a central region of Sudan. Historically a single province, it is today commonly divided into two states: North Kordofan and South Kordofan. The southern portion includes the Nuba Mountains, a highland area inhabited by diverse Nuba peoples. The region lies inland from the Nile system and features a semi-arid savanna climate, with a single rainy season that supports farming and pastoral livestock.

Population and languages: Kordofan is ethnically diverse. Major groups include Nuba communities in the mountains and Arab-descended groups in the lowlands. Arabic is widely used, while multiple Nilo-Saharan languages are spoken within the Nuba communities.

Economy: Agriculture and pastoralism are the main livelihoods, with crops such as sorghum and millet and livestock herding. Mining and oil exploration have been reported in various parts of the region, though development levels vary.

History and politics: The area formed part of the historic Kordofan Province under the Sudanese monarchy and later under Anglo-Egyptian rule. After independence, it was reorganized into the state structure of the Republic of Sudan. South Kordofan has experienced conflict since 2011 between the national government and SPLM-N groups, leading to humanitarian needs and displacement. The region remains affected by instability and restricted access in some areas.

See also: North Kordofan, South Kordofan, Nuba Mountains.