Kopparspiral

Kopparspiral, or copper intrauterine device (IUD), is a non-hormonal, long-acting reversible method of contraception. It is a small, T-shaped plastic device wrapped with copper that is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus by a trained clinician. The copper acts locally to reduce the likelihood of fertilization and implantation.

The mechanism involves the release of copper ions, which create an inflammatory reaction in the endometrium and uterine fluids. This environment disrupts sperm movement and viability, and may prevent fertilization or implantation of a fertilized egg. The copper IUD provides contraception without hormones.

Kopparspiral is a long-acting option, typically approved for five to ten years depending on the brand. It is highly effective and is immediately reversible once removed. It is suitable for people who prefer non-hormonal contraception or who cannot use hormonal methods, but suitability should be assessed by a clinician.

Common side effects include heavier and longer menstrual bleeding and stronger cramps, especially during the first few cycles after insertion. Some people may experience irregular bleeding patterns. Serious risks are rare but can include expulsion, perforation of the uterus, or infection around the time of insertion. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.

As emergency contraception, a copper IUD can be inserted up to five days after unprotected intercourse and is one of the most effective options. Removal is performed by a clinician when contraception is no longer desired. Fertility typically returns quickly after removal.