Konfirmation

Konfirmation is a Christian rite of passage found in many Protestant and some Anglican churches, particularly in Northern Europe. It marks a public affirmation of faith after a period of catechetical instruction and often serves to introduce the confirmand as a full member of the parish. In several traditions, confirmation also corresponds to the baptismal vows and may affect participation in the Eucharist, though the exact status varies by denomination.

Etymology: the term comes from the Latin confirmatio, meaning strengthening or confirmation.

Practice by region: In Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, konfirmation is a long-standing tradition with a structured program of Bible study, doctrine, ethics, and church life, concluding in a service where the confirmands publicly profess their faith. The typical age is around 13–15. In Germany, Protestant konfirmation follows similar catechesis, while Catholics use Firmung, a sacrament with its own rites and a somewhat different age of reception. In the United Kingdom and other parts of the Anglican Communion, confirmation is a sacramental rite conducted by a bishop, usually in adolescence or later, affirming baptismal vows.

Modern trends: Participation has declined in some areas due to secularization or changing family practices. Some churches offer non-religious or more flexible formats, while others emphasize personal faith, community involvement, and lifelong discipleship as part of the confirmation journey.

Significance: Konfirmation is often viewed as a milestone that signals transition from childhood baptism to adult church membership and responsibility within the faith community. See also: Confirmation, Firmung.