Konduktivitetsmåling

Konduktivitetsmåling, often referred to as electrical conductivity measurement, is the process of determining a material's ability to conduct electric current. This property is fundamental in understanding the behavior of various substances, from electrolytes in solutions to solid materials. The unit of measurement for electrical conductivity is Siemens per meter (S/m).

The principle behind conductivity measurement typically involves applying a voltage across a sample and measuring the resulting current. According to Ohm's Law, the resistance of a material is directly proportional to its resistivity and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area and directly proportional to its length. Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity, meaning a highly conductive material has low resistivity.

Conductivity meters commonly use two electrodes immersed in the liquid or in contact with the solid. The distance between these electrodes and their surface area are crucial factors that are often incorporated into a cell constant to standardize measurements. For liquids, higher concentrations of dissolved ions lead to higher conductivity. This makes conductivity measurements a valuable tool for monitoring water purity, analyzing wastewater, and controlling chemical processes. In solid-state physics, conductivity is a key parameter in classifying materials as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators.