Kondenseeruksid

Kondenseeruksid, also known as condensers or capacitor microphones, are a type of microphone that uses capacitive sensing to convert sound waves into an electrical signal. They operate on the principle of a variable capacitor, where sound waves cause a diaphragm to move, changing the distance between it and a fixed backplate. This change in distance alters the capacitance, which is then converted into an electrical audio signal.

The core components of a kondenseeruksid include a diaphragm, a backplate, and an electronic circuit. The diaphragm is typically a thin, conductive material, often Mylar coated with a conductive substance. The backplate is a rigid, conductive plate positioned very close to the diaphragm. A voltage is applied across these two components, creating an electric field. When sound waves strike the diaphragm, it vibrates, altering the gap between the diaphragm and the backplate. This variation in distance directly affects the capacitance according to the formula C = εA/d, where C is capacitance, ε is the permittivity of the material between the plates, A is the area of the plates, and d is the distance between them.

To convert this capacitance change into a usable audio signal, kondenseeruksid require a power source, often referred to as phantom power or an internal battery. This power is used to charge the capacitor and to operate the internal impedance converter or preamplifier. Without this power, the microphone would not function. Kondenseeruksid are known for their sensitivity, wide frequency response, and ability to capture subtle details in sound, making them popular in studio recording, broadcasting, and live sound reinforcement.