Kompartmentoireyhtymä

Kompartmentoireyhtymä, often translated as compartment syndrome, is a painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels. This pressure can decrease blood flow, preventing nutrients and oxygen from reaching muscle tissue and nerves. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent damage.

There are two main types of compartment syndrome: acute and chronic. Acute compartment syndrome is usually caused by a severe injury, such as a broken bone, a crush injury, or a burn. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Chronic compartment syndrome, also known as exertional compartment syndrome, typically develops gradually over time, often in athletes or individuals who engage in repetitive physical activity. It is usually associated with the muscles of the lower leg, but can also affect the forearm.

Symptoms of acute compartment syndrome include severe pain that is out of proportion to the injury, tightness or a feeling of fullness in the affected limb, numbness or tingling, and weakness or inability to move the limb. In chronic compartment syndrome, pain typically occurs during exercise and subsides with rest.

Diagnosis is often based on the patient's history and physical examination. In some cases, a measurement of the pressure within the muscle compartments may be necessary. Treatment for acute compartment syndrome involves surgery to release the pressure, a procedure called a fasciotomy. Chronic compartment syndrome may be managed with rest, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgery.