Kompaktism

Kompaktism is a term used in architectural and urban planning discourse to describe a design philosophy that prioritizes compact, dense, mixed-use urban form and the efficient use of space. The core aim is to reduce sprawl, shorten travel distances, and create walkable environments where housing, jobs, and services are within easy reach. In some languages the term appears as kompaktism, and its exact meaning can vary across contexts.

Key principles include high-density development, mixed-use blocks, legible street networks, transit-oriented design, compact building massing, and adaptable building envelopes. Proponents emphasize compactness as a tool for sustainability, energy efficiency, and social accessibility; critics warn against over-density, architectural monotony, and the risk of exclusion if affordability and public space are not safeguarded.

Origin and usage: The term appears in planning literature and discourse since the late 20th century, drawing on traditions of New Urbanism and the compact city concept. It lacks a single formal doctrine and is used variably by architects, planners, and policymakers.

Implementation: In practice, kompaktism informs zoning policies that encourage infill development, floor-area ratio optimizations, and pedestrian-friendly streetscapes. Projects often prioritize modular construction, durable materials, and multi-story residential blocks with ground-floor amenities.

Impact and debate: Advocates cite reduced car dependency, lower energy use, and stronger community interaction when densities are well designed; detractors point to potential inequities, design homogenization, and governance challenges.

See also: Compact city, New Urbanism, Transit-oriented development.