Kompaktiluukudos

Kompaktiluukudos, also known as dense bone or cortical bone, is the harder, outer layer of bone tissue. It forms the shaft of long bones and the outer covering of other bones. This tissue is characterized by its high density and strength, providing structural support and protection for the body.

Structurally, kompaktiluukudos is organized into cylindrical units called osteons. Each osteon consists of concentric layers of bone matrix, called lamellae, surrounding a central Haversian canal. This canal contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue, which supply nutrients and remove waste products from the bone. Osteocytes, mature bone cells, are embedded within lacunae, small cavities within the lamellae, and communicate with each other and the Haversian canal via tiny channels called canaliculi.

The composition of kompaktiluukudos includes an organic matrix, primarily collagen fibers, which provides tensile strength, and an inorganic matrix, mainly hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium and phosphate), which gives bone its hardness and resistance to compression. This combination of organic and inorganic components makes kompaktiluukudos exceptionally strong and durable.

Functionally, kompaktiluukudos plays a crucial role in locomotion by providing attachment points for muscles and acting as levers. Its rigidity also protects internal organs from injury. The bone is a dynamic tissue, constantly undergoing remodeling through the coordinated actions of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells), allowing it to adapt to mechanical stresses and repair damage.