Kolibrien

Kolibrien refers to hummingbirds, a group of small nectar-feeding birds in the family Trochilidae. They are among the smallest birds, typically 5 to 20 cm in length and weighing about 2 to 20 g. A distinctive feature is their rapid wingbeats, usually about 50 to 80 times per second, which enables them to hover in place, fly backward, and perform agile maneuvers. They possess long, slender bills and specialized tongues for extracting nectar.

Kolibrien are found exclusively in the Americas, from southern Alaska to southern Chile and Argentina, with the greatest species diversity in tropical and subtropical forests of Central and South America. They occupy a range of habitats, including forests, woodlands, scrublands, and increasingly urban gardens and parks where flowers are available.

Diet and ecological role: nectar provides most of their energy, supplemented by insects and spiders for protein. Through their foraging, kolibrien act as important pollinators for many flowering plants. Many temperate species undertake seasonal migrations, while tropical species often remain resident; some populations show altitudinal movements.

Reproduction and life cycle: females construct small cup-shaped nests, often attached to twigs or plant fibers. They usually lay two eggs, which hatch after a period of incubation (variable by species). Both parents typically contribute to feeding the young, which fledge after several weeks.

Taxonomy and conservation: the family Trochilidae comprises hundreds of species across numerous genera. Conservation status varies by species, with some widespread and stable while others face threats from habitat loss, climate change, and other pressures. Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection and monitoring population trends.