Koeanalüüsi

Koeanalüüsi, often translated as tissue analysis or biopsy, is a medical diagnostic procedure that involves the examination of biological tissue. This examination is typically performed under a microscope by a pathologist or a specialized technician. The primary purpose of koeanalüüs is to identify abnormalities within the tissue that may indicate disease, such as cancer, inflammation, or infection.

The process begins with the procurement of a tissue sample. This can be achieved through various methods, including surgical excision, needle biopsy, or endoscopic biopsy. The collected tissue is then preserved, often by fixation in formalin, and subsequently processed. This processing involves embedding the tissue in a solid medium, such as paraffin wax, to allow for thin slicing. These thin slices, known as sections, are then mounted onto glass slides.

Staining is a crucial step in koeanalüüs, as it enhances the visibility of cellular structures. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) are commonly used stains, which highlight the cell nuclei and cytoplasm, respectively. Once stained, the slides are examined under a microscope. The pathologist analyzes the morphology, arrangement, and characteristics of the cells and the surrounding tissue matrix. Deviations from normal tissue structure are carefully noted and interpreted.

The findings from a koeanalüüs are vital for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. The results can determine the presence, type, grade, and stage of a disease, guiding clinicians in making informed decisions about patient care. It is a cornerstone of modern pathology and plays a critical role in many areas of medicine.