Klossbremser

Klossbremser, a term used in Danish and Norwegian, translates roughly to "block brakes" and denotes a family of friction braking systems in which one or more brake blocks, or shoes, are pressed against a rotating braking surface to slow or stop motion. The blocks are mounted on a lever or linkage connected to a hand lever or pedal, so applying the brake causes the blocks to move toward the surface, creating friction.

Two main variants exist: rim-based block brakes, where blocks press on the wheel rim, and drum- or hub-based block brakes, where blocks press on a brake drum or internal surface. Historically, materials for blocks included wood, composite, or metal; pads or blocks may be fixed or sprung to maintain contact. Operation is mechanical, usually via cables or rods, offering simple, rugged functionality and low cost, but with drawbacks: rim wear, heat buildup, and reduced effectiveness in wet conditions.

Historical context: klossbremser were common on early bicycles and some light carts and farm equipment in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were largely supplanted by more sophisticated brake systems, such as rim calipers and hydraulic disc brakes, in the mid- to late-20th century. Today they survive primarily in restoration projects, vintage bicycles, and certain industrial applications where simple, low-cost braking is sufficient.

See also: friction brake, block brake, rim brake, drum brake.