Klooriidist

Klooriidist refers to compounds containing the chloride ion (Cl⁻). The chloride ion is a halogen anion, meaning it is a negatively charged atom of chlorine. It is formed when a chlorine atom gains one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. In nature, chloride is most commonly found as the salt sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt. It is an essential electrolyte in the human body, playing a crucial role in fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and stomach acid production.

Chloride ions are ubiquitous in the environment, found in seawater, natural freshwater sources, and soil. Industrial applications of chlorides are widespread. For example, sodium chloride is used in de-icing roads, in the chemical industry for the production of chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide, and in food processing as a preservative and flavor enhancer. Other important chloride compounds include potassium chloride (KCl), used as a salt substitute and in fertilizers, and calcium chloride (CaCl₂), used as a drying agent and in concrete. The presence of high concentrations of chloride in water can affect its taste and contribute to corrosion. Environmental regulations often set limits on chloride levels in drinking water and wastewater discharges due to these potential impacts.