Kirurgia

Kirurgia refers to the medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate or treat a pathological condition, such as a disease or injury, to improve physical function or appearance. The term "surgery" itself comes from the Greek word "cheir" meaning "hand" and "ergon" meaning "work," so essentially "hand-work."

Surgical procedures can range widely in complexity and invasiveness, from minimally invasive techniques using small incisions and specialized instruments to traditional open surgeries requiring larger incisions. The primary goal of surgery is typically to remove diseased tissue, repair damaged structures, correct deformities, or alleviate pain.

The field of surgery is highly specialized, with numerous subspecialties like general surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery, and plastic surgery, among others. Surgeons undergo extensive training to master the complex skills and knowledge required for these procedures. Modern surgery often employs advanced technologies, including robotics, sophisticated imaging techniques, and specialized tools to enhance precision and patient outcomes. Pre-operative assessment, meticulous post-operative care, and the management of potential complications are integral parts of the surgical process.