Kiinteänestefaasimuutosmateriaalit

Kiinteänestefaasimuutosmateriaalit, often abbreviated as PCMs (Phase Change Materials), are substances that absorb and release heat when they transition between solid and liquid states. This change of state occurs at a specific temperature, known as the melting point or phase change temperature. During the melting process, PCMs absorb a significant amount of thermal energy from their surroundings without experiencing a substantial temperature increase. Conversely, when the ambient temperature drops below their solidification point, they release this stored heat back into the environment, also with minimal temperature change.

The key characteristic of PCMs is their ability to store and release latent heat. This latent heat capacity is typically much higher than the sensible heat storage capacity of conventional materials, meaning they can store more thermal energy per unit mass or volume. The selection of a PCM depends on the desired operating temperature range, as different PCMs have different melting points. Common examples include paraffins, salt hydrates, and fatty acids.

PCMs find applications in a variety of fields aimed at thermal energy management. They are used in passive solar heating systems to store solar heat during the day and release it at night. In buildings, they can be incorporated into walls, ceilings, or floors to help regulate indoor temperatures, reducing the need for active heating and cooling systems. They are also utilized in thermal packaging to keep products at a stable temperature during transportation, and in electronic devices to prevent overheating. The ability of PCMs to buffer temperature fluctuations makes them valuable for energy efficiency and comfort.