Kiinteäsiipiset

Kiinteäsiipiset is a Finnish-language term typically used to refer to fixed-wing aircraft, in contrast to rotary-wing or lighter-than-air craft. The term literally translates as "fixed-winged" and encompasses powered airplanes, gliders, and many unmanned aerial vehicles that rely on rigid wings to generate lift through forward motion.

Fixed-wing aircraft are defined by their stationary lifting surfaces and use of aerodynamic lift produced by airflow over the wings. Control is achieved through movable control surfaces such as ailerons, elevators and rudders, while propulsion is provided by propellers, turbofan or turbojet engines, or in the case of gliders, by initial tow or gravity. Wing designs vary widely—high-wing, low-wing, swept, delta and variable-geometry configurations each suit different performance needs.

Historically, fixed-wing machines have dominated civil and military aviation due to efficiency at higher speeds and longer ranges. They range from small single-seat trainers and recreational gliders to large commercial airliners and long-endurance surveillance platforms. Advances in materials, aerodynamics and propulsion continue to expand capabilities, including the integration of composite structures and fly-by-wire controls.

Operational advantages of kiinteäsiipiset include fuel efficiency over distance, higher cruise speeds and payload capacity. Limitations include greater runway or launch requirements compared with some rotary-wing and VTOL systems. The category remains central to global transportation, defense, and scientific research.