lowwing

Low-wing refers to aircraft whose wings are attached to the lower portion of the fuselage, typically near the bottom. This configuration contrasts with high-wing designs, where the wing is mounted on the top of the fuselage, and mid-wing designs where the wing passes through the middle. Low-wing layouts are common among many modern general aviation airplanes, business jets, and military fighters.

Most low-wing aircraft are cantilever, meaning the wing is attached without external bracing. Some light or older designs use strut bracing. The landing gear may retract into the wings or fuselage and is often designed to be flush with the wing for aerodynamic efficiency. Fuel tanks are commonly housed in the wings.

Advantages of low-wing configurations include favorable aerodynamics from a flush wing-fuselage junction and the potential for retractable landing gear with minimal drag. The arrangement also facilitates engine mounting in the nose or on the wing in some multiengine designs and can contribute to improved roll response and maneuverability in aerobatic or high-performance aircraft.

Disadvantages include potential limitations in downward visibility and field operation on rough terrain for some models, as well as fixed gear drag if gear is not retracted. Wing-fuselage join complexity and considerations for ground clearance, de-icing, and wing loading also influence design choices and airworthiness certification.

Historically, low-wing aircraft gained popularity in the mid-20th century with the rise of all-metal cantilever designs. Notable examples include the Beechcraft Bonanza, the Piper PA-28 Cherokee family, Cirrus SR series, and many jet and military aircraft.