Kiegyenlítés

Kiegyenlítés is a Hungarian term that denotes the process of bringing different parts of a system into balance or uniformity. It is used in several disciplines to describe methods that compensate for distortions, errors, or nonuniformities in order to achieve a balanced state.

In geodesy and surveying, kiegyenlítés refers to the adjustment of a network of measurements. Observations such as angles and distances are collected, and a mathematical model with unknown corrections is constructed. Using least-squares adjustment, the corrections to point coordinates are estimated to minimize the sum of squared residuals, yielding a consistent set of coordinates and quantified uncertainties.

In signal processing and electrical engineering, kiegyenlítés or kiegyenlítő hálózat denotes equalization: the process of compensating frequency-dependent distortion in a system, so that the output approximates a desired response. This can involve adaptive or fixed filters to flatten the magnitude response or to compensate channel effects.

In image processing, histogram equalization, or histogram kiegyenlítés, redistributes image pixel values to enhance contrast by stretching the histogram to span the full intensity range, improving visibility in many images.

Common features across applications are: formulating a model of the distortions or imbalances, solving for corrections (often via linear algebra or filtering), and applying the corrections to obtain a balanced result. The term is generic and its exact meaning depends on the domain, but in all cases kiegyenlítés aims to reduce unwanted variation and approach a target uniformity.