Kezdve

Kezdve is a non-finite verb form in Hungarian, the adverbial participle (gerund) of the verb kezdeni, meaning to begin or to start. It expresses a starting point or context for the main clause and is commonly translated as “starting with” or “having started.” As an adverbial participle, kezdve connects clauses non-finitely and is typical in formal or descriptive prose.

Formation and morphology: The form is created by attaching the suffix -ve to the verb stem (kezd-). It carries no finite subject; the subject of the participle is typically the same as the subject of the main clause, or it may indicate an external circumstance for the following action.

Usage and examples: It is used to introduce frames or sequences of actions. A common construction is “Kezdve azzal, hogy…” meaning “Starting with the fact that…” Example: “Kezdve azzal, hogy tisztáztuk a célokat, megkezdtük a projektet.” Translation: “Starting with clarifying the goals, we began the project.” Another example: “Kezdve azzal, hogy az adatok megbízhatóak, folytatták az elemzést.”

Notes: It is distinct from finite verb forms and from other -ve/-va participles that function as adjectives. The usage is more common in written, formal, or expository Hungarian and often appears in enumerations of steps or conditions.