Keskuslaskimopaine

Keskuslaskimopaine, also known as central venous pressure (CVP), is a clinical measurement reflecting the pressure within the superior vena cava and the right atrium of the heart. It is a valuable indicator of a patient's fluid status, circulating blood volume, and the effectiveness of the right ventricle's pumping function. A normal CVP typically ranges between 2-6 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) or 4-12 cmH2O (centimeters of water).

CVP is measured by inserting a catheter into a large peripheral vein, such as the subclavian or internal jugular vein, which is then advanced until its tip resides in the superior vena cava or right atrium. This catheter is connected to a transducer that displays the pressure readings. Deviations from the normal range can signify various physiological conditions. Elevated CVP may suggest fluid overload, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or increased intrathoracic pressure. Conversely, low CVP can indicate hypovolemia, significant blood loss, dehydration, or vasodilation.

Monitoring CVP is crucial in critically ill patients, particularly those undergoing surgery, experiencing shock, or requiring aggressive fluid management. It aids clinicians in making informed decisions about fluid resuscitation, diuretic administration, and inotropic support. However, CVP is influenced by several factors, including mechanical ventilation, patient positioning, and right ventricular function, necessitating interpretation within the broader clinical context.