Keskinäisinduktanssia

Keskinäisinduktanssia, often referred to as mutual inductance, is a fundamental electromagnetic concept describing how a changing electric current in one circuit induces a voltage in a nearby circuit. This phenomenon is governed by Faraday's law of induction. When the current in a primary coil changes, it creates a fluctuating magnetic field. If a second coil is placed within this changing magnetic field, the magnetic flux through the second coil also changes. This change in magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, in the secondary coil.

The magnitude of the induced voltage is directly proportional to the rate of change of current in the primary coil and the mutual inductance between the two coils. The mutual inductance, symbolized by M, is a property of the geometric arrangement of the coils and the magnetic properties of the medium between them. It quantifies how effectively the magnetic field produced by one coil links with the other. A higher mutual inductance means a larger voltage will be induced for a given change in current.

Mutual inductance plays a crucial role in various electrical devices, most notably transformers. In a transformer, two coils are wound around a common ferromagnetic core. A changing current in the primary winding creates a strong magnetic field that is channeled through the core to the secondary winding, inducing a voltage. This principle allows for the efficient step-up or step-down of AC voltages, making transformers essential for power distribution and many electronic circuits. Other applications include wireless power transfer and induction heating.