Keresztmegtermékenyítés

Keresztmegtermékenyítés, also known as cross-pollination, is a process in sexual reproduction where pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant. This typically occurs between plants of the same species, but can sometimes happen between closely related species. The transfer of pollen can be facilitated by various agents, including wind, water, insects, birds, and other animals.

For successful cross-pollination to occur, the two plants involved must be compatible. This compatibility involves genetic factors that ensure the pollen grain can germinate on the stigma and fertilize the ovule. Different plant species have evolved various mechanisms to promote or prevent cross-pollination. Some plants have self-incompatibility mechanisms that prevent their own pollen from fertilizing their ovules, thus encouraging cross-pollination. Conversely, other plants are self-pollinating, meaning their own pollen can fertilize their ovules.

The offspring resulting from cross-pollination exhibit genetic diversity, as they inherit traits from both parent plants. This genetic mixing is crucial for the adaptation and evolution of plant species, allowing them to better cope with changing environmental conditions and resist diseases. In agriculture, cross-pollination is often deliberately managed to produce plants with desirable traits, such as increased yield, improved disease resistance, or enhanced nutritional value. This practice is fundamental to breeding new varieties of crops and ornamental plants.