Kerchief

A kerchief is a piece of fabric worn on the head, neck, or face, typically square or triangular in shape. It serves as a head covering, neck covering, or a personal handkerchief in some contexts. The term derives from the French couvre-chef, meaning head covering, and entered English in the Middle Ages.

Common forms include the head kerchief or scarf, which is tied around the head or under the chin, and the neckerchief or bandana, usually folded and worn around the neck. Smaller or varying-sized squares can be used as fashion accessories, for wiping, or as makeshift gear in outdoor settings. Materials vary widely, with cotton and linen being typical for everyday use, while silk or synthetic blends are chosen for dressier or more decorative purposes. Patterns range from solid colors to checks, stripes, polka dots, and paisley.

Uses and cultural contexts vary. Functionally, kerchiefs protect the head or neck from sun, wind, or dust, help manage hair, or serve practical needs in work or outdoor activities. Fashion and identity have also shaped kerchief use, with bandanas and head scarves associated with certain subcultures, professions, or regional dress. In some cultures, kerchief-like head coverings are traditional garments worn for social or religious reasons, often with specific styles or patterns.

In modern English, kerchief is less common in everyday speech, with headscarf, bandana, or scarf more frequently used. The term remains present in historical writing and descriptive usage, and is often distinguished from a handkerchief, which denotes a small square cloth used for personal hygiene.