bandana

A bandana is a square or triangular scarf, typically made of cotton or a cotton blend, that is worn around the head, neck, or face. The classic size is about 21 inches (53 cm) on each side when folded; the fabric is usually hemmed and printed with bright colors.

Patterns range from solid colors to printed motifs, especially paisley and checks. The paisley motif traces its origin to Indian textiles and became a hallmark of bandanas in global trade networks.

Bandanas originated in South Asia and entered Western markets through trade routes in the 17th–19th centuries. They gained popularity among sailors, laborers, and cowhands for sun and dust protection, grooming, or as a compact handkerchief. They are also used as neckerchiefs, face coverings, or improvised bags.

In modern times bandanas appear in fashion, music subcultures, and protest contexts. Colors and patterns can signal affiliations in some groups, but meanings vary by region and time; bandanas are primarily a practical textile rather than a universal symbol.

Bandanas are usually machine washable; wash colors separately to prevent bleeding. They can be worn in many styles, including folded square, tied around the neck, or tied around the head as a headband or scarf.