headscarf

A headscarf is a cloth worn on the head for various purposes, including modesty, cultural or religious expression, protection from sun or dust, and practical or medical needs. Most headscarves are rectangular or square and made from fabrics such as cotton, silk, wool, or synthetics. They are worn in many ways, from simple tied kerchiefs to wraps that cover the hair, neck, and sometimes shoulders.

In religious and cultural contexts, the term hijab is often used to denote modest head coverings in Islam, though practices vary widely. Styles include the hijab (hair covered but face visible), khimar (covers hair and neck, sometimes shoulders), and other regional forms. In Judaism, married women may cover their hair with a tichel or wig (sheitel). Christian traditions have included mantillas and other coverings, though these are less common today. Regional forms include the dupatta in South Asia, the babushka or kerchief in Eastern Europe, and various turbans or headwraps in Africa and the Caribbean. Headscarves can also serve occupational needs, for example surgical caps or industrial bandanas.

Legal and social aspects vary by country. Some jurisdictions prohibit or regulate visible religious symbols in public institutions, while others protect freedom of religious expression. The headscarf remains a flexible, culturally diverse garment with a long history and wide contemporary usage.