Katused

Katused, the Estonian term for roofs, refer to the external coverings of buildings that protect interiors from weather, manage moisture, and influence energy performance and aesthetics. In architectural practice, a roof comprises a load-bearing framework (such as rafters or trusses), a weatherproofing layer, insulation, and a drainage system with gutters and downspouts. The design must address structural loads (including snow), climate-driven moisture control, ventilation, and thermal efficiency.

Common roof types include gable roofs, with two inclined planes meeting at a ridge; hip roofs, which slope on all sides; shed roofs, with a single slope; and flat or low-slope roofs in modern construction. Roof pitch, geometry, and overhangs affect drainage, solar gain, wind resistance, and durability.

Materials used for katused vary by era and region. Traditional timber-framed houses often employed wooden shingles, while later structures used clay or concrete tiles, metal sheets (such as corrugated steel), slate, or bituminous membranes. In colder climates, insulation and air sealing are particularly important for reducing heat loss, and roof designs increasingly accommodate renewable energy installations such as solar panels.

Maintenance focuses on preventing leaks and moisture damage. Regular inspections of coverings, flashing, seams, and joints; clearing snow and ice; and cleaning gutters help extend service life. Moss and vegetation growth in damp environments can be a concern and may require selective removal.

Katused contribute to the architectural character of settlements and reflect local building traditions, climate adaptation, and evolving construction technologies. They are treated as critical elements for safety, energy efficiency, and long-term durability in building standards.