Kathol

Kathol, in many languages, denotes Catholicism—the largest Christian communion, comprising the Roman Catholic Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches in communion with Rome. Its authority structure centers on the Pope in Vatican City, who leads the church in unity with bishops worldwide; apostolic succession is a key doctrinal principle.

Catholic belief centers on the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus, salvation through Christ, and the authority of Scripture and Sacred Tradition. The seven sacraments—baptism, confirmation, the Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick, holy orders, and matrimony—are viewed as the principal means of grace. The Eucharist, in Catholic theology, is believed to be the real presence of Christ in the consecrated bread and wine.

Worship is centered on the Mass, where the liturgy of the Word and the liturgy of the Eucharist are celebrated. The liturgical year includes seasons such as Advent, Christmas, Lent, and Easter, and commemorations of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, and the saints. Catholic practice also encompasses prayer, devotion, and the sacraments at local parishes. Catholic social teaching emphasizes human dignity, the common good, charity, and care for the vulnerable, guiding education, healthcare, and charitable activity worldwide.

History traces Catholicism to the apostles, developing through the early centuries and ecumenical councils. It underwent the Great Schism of 1054, which separated Western and Eastern Christianity, and the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. In modern times, Vatican II (1962–1965) fostered liturgical renewal and broader ecumenical engagement. Today Catholicism is a global faith with diverse cultural expressions within a shared communion under the pope.