Katalonia

Katalonia, commonly known as Catalonia (Catalunya in Catalan), is an autonomous community of Spain located in the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. It borders Aragon, the Valencian Community, and the Pyrenees, and has a coastline along the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona, a major cultural and economic center.

Geography and demographics: Catalonia covers about 32,000 square kilometers and has a population of around 7.7 million people. The region features diverse landscapes, from the Pyrenean mountains in the north to the Costa Brava along the coast. Catalan and Spanish are widely spoken, with Catalan co-official in education, administration, and media.

Government and law: Catalonia is governed by the Generalitat de Catalunya, which includes the President and the Parliament of Catalonia (Corts). The Statute of Autonomy defines the region’s powers, which cover areas such as education, health, transportation, culture, and policing (some powers are shared with or reserved by the national government). The system operates within the framework of Spain’s constitution and national institutions.

Economy and society: The Catalan economy is diversified, with strong manufacturing, services, tourism, and technology sectors. Barcelona serves as a key economic hub, port, and gateway to regional markets. Catalonia accounts for a substantial portion of Spain’s GDP and exports. The region maintains a distinct cultural identity, reflected in language, festivals, and traditions.

History and culture: Historically part of the Crown of Aragon, Catalonia became part of Spain through dynastic unions and later integrated as an autonomous community after the Franco dictatorship. A notable political movement seeks greater autonomy or independence, highlighted by the 2017 independence referendum. Catalonia is known for architectural works by Antoni Gaudí, the castells human towers, and festivals such as La Mercè.