Kapillaroskopiaa

Kapillaroskopiaa, also known as capillaroscopy, is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used to examine the capillaries, the smallest blood vessels in the body. This procedure involves using a specialized microscope, often a dermatoscope or a videocapillaroscope, to visualize the nailfold capillaries, typically on the fingers. The examination is usually performed at room temperature, and the patient's hand is gently placed on a stage.

The capillaroscope magnifies the capillaries, allowing a trained observer to assess their morphology, density, and blood flow. Key parameters evaluated include capillary width, shape, length, and the presence of abnormalities such as dilated loops, tortuosity, hemorrhages, or avascular areas. The density of capillaries in a given area can also be noted.

Kapillaroskopiaa is primarily used in the diagnosis and monitoring of connective tissue diseases, particularly scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). It can help differentiate between primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon, a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes in response to cold or stress. The characteristic capillary abnormalities seen in scleroderma are often used to support the diagnosis and assess disease severity.

Beyond rheumatological conditions, capillaroscopy may also be employed in the evaluation of other microcirculatory disorders, certain vascular anomalies, and some dermatological conditions. It provides valuable insights into the state of the peripheral microvasculature and can aid in predicting disease progression or response to treatment. The procedure is generally well-tolerated and does not require special preparation.