Kapacitorer

Kapacitorer, or capacitors in English, are fundamental electronic components that store electrical energy in an electric field. They consist of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric, or insulating, material. When a voltage is applied across the plates, positive charge accumulates on one plate and negative charge on the other, creating an electric field within the dielectric. The amount of charge a capacitor can store for a given voltage is called its capacitance, measured in farads.

Capacitors are used in a wide variety of electronic circuits. They can act as filters to block direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, smooth out voltage fluctuations in power supplies, and store energy for quick discharge, such as in camera flashes or starting electric motors. Their ability to store and release charge makes them essential for timing circuits, oscillators, and resonant circuits. Different types of capacitors exist, varying in capacitance value, voltage rating, and dielectric material, each suited for specific applications. Common dielectric materials include ceramic, electrolytic, and film.