Kanyaróvírus

Kanyaróvírus, also known as canine distemper virus (CDV), is a highly contagious viral disease that affects a wide range of mammals, particularly carnivores. It is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus. Kanyaróvírus is closely related to the viruses that cause measles and rinderpest in humans and cattle, respectively.

The virus is shed in all body secretions, including respiratory droplets, urine, and feces, making transmission efficient through direct contact or airborne routes. Inapparent infections can occur, but symptomatic animals are highly contagious.

Kanyaróvírus can manifest in several forms, affecting various organ systems. The respiratory form is common, characterized by nasal discharge, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Neurological signs are also prevalent and can include seizures, tremors, paralysis, and behavioral changes. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea can also be observed. Ocular signs, like conjunctivitis and discharge, are frequently seen. The skin can also be affected, leading to hyperkeratosis (thickening) of the paw pads and nose.

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs, epidemiological history, and laboratory tests such as PCR or serology. Unfortunately, there is no specific cure for kanyaróvírus; treatment focuses on supportive care to manage symptoms and secondary bacterial infections. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing kanyaróvírus and is a cornerstone of canine health programs worldwide. While vaccination has greatly reduced the incidence of the disease, outbreaks can still occur in unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated populations. The virus can be fatal, especially in young or immunocompromised animals.