Kangasmetsät

Kangasmetsät, often translated as pine forests or heath forests, are a common forest type found in Fennoscandia, particularly in Finland and Sweden. They are characterized by their sandy or stony soils, which are typically acidic and nutrient-poor. This type of soil supports a specific flora dominated by various species of Vaccinium, such as lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), as well as mosses and lichens.

The dominant tree species in kangasmetsät are usually Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies). Due to the poor soil conditions, the tree growth in these forests is often slower compared to more fertile forest types. This leads to sparser canopy cover in many areas, allowing more sunlight to reach the forest floor, which benefits the undergrowth of berries and mosses.

Kangasmetsät are ecologically important habitats for a variety of wildlife. The berries provide a food source for birds and mammals, while the trees offer shelter and nesting sites. These forests are also significant for their role in carbon sequestration and water regulation. Economically, they are often managed for timber production, though their lower productivity compared to richer forest types means they are typically harvested less intensively. The management of kangasmetsät aims to balance timber production with the conservation of their unique biodiversity and ecological functions.