Kandidóza

Kandidóza is a common fungal infection caused by yeasts belonging to the genus Candida, most frequently Candida albicans. This fungus is naturally present in small amounts in the human body, residing on the skin and mucous membranes, such as in the mouth, gut, and vagina, without causing harm. Candidiasis, or thrush as it is often called, occurs when the Candida yeast overgrows, disrupting the natural balance.

The overgrowth can be triggered by various factors. These include weakened immune systems due to illness or medication, antibiotic use which kills off beneficial bacteria that keep Candida in check, diabetes, pregnancy, and hormonal changes. Certain medical conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, or treatments like chemotherapy, can significantly increase the risk of developing candidiasis.

Symptoms vary depending on the affected area. Oral candidiasis, or thrush, typically presents as white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth, often accompanied by redness and soreness. Vaginal candidiasis, a very common form, can cause itching, burning, and a thick, white, cottage-cheese-like discharge. Cutaneous candidiasis affects the skin, often in warm, moist areas like the groin or armpits, leading to a red, itchy rash. Invasive candidiasis, a more serious form, occurs when the yeast enters the bloodstream and can affect internal organs.

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination and by observing characteristic symptoms. In some cases, laboratory tests, such as a fungal culture or microscopy of a tissue sample, may be used to confirm the presence of Candida and identify the specific species. Treatment depends on the severity and location of the infection. For mild cases, antifungal medications, available as creams, ointments, oral suspensions, or suppositories, are typically effective. More severe or systemic infections may require oral or intravenous antifungal drugs.