Kalsifikaatioon

Kalsifikaatioon refers to the process of calcification, which is the accumulation of calcium salts in body tissue. This process can occur in normal, healthy tissues as part of their development or function, such as in bone formation and tooth enamel. However, calcification can also be abnormal, leading to various pathological conditions.

Abnormal calcification can manifest in several ways. Dystrophic calcification occurs when calcium deposits in degenerated or necrotic tissue. This is often seen in conditions like atherosclerosis, where calcium accumulates in damaged artery walls, or in scar tissue. Metastatic calcification, on the other hand, occurs when there are systemic disturbances in calcium metabolism, such as hypercalcemia, leading to calcium deposition in otherwise normal tissues. Organs commonly affected by metastatic calcification include the kidneys, lungs, and blood vessels.

The causes of abnormal calcification are diverse and can include chronic inflammation, trauma, certain metabolic disorders, and aging. While sometimes asymptomatic, calcification can impair the function of affected organs. For example, calcification of heart valves can lead to stenosis or regurgitation, and vascular calcification contributes to arterial stiffness and increased cardiovascular risk. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques like X-rays, CT scans, or ultrasounds. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and the location and extent of the calcification.