Kalkkikukka

Kalkkikukka, or *Saxifraga*, is a diverse genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Saxifragaceae. The name derives from the Latin words *saxum* (rock) and *facere* (to make), referencing their common growth habit on rocky terrain. There are approximately 400 species of saxifrages, many of which are small, perennial herbs adapted to alpine, subalpine, and arctic environments.

These plants are known for their delicate, often star-shaped flowers, which come in a variety of colors including white, pink, yellow, and purple. Some species produce clusters of small blooms, while others feature single, showy flowers. Kalkkikukka species thrive in well-drained, rocky soils and are often found in crevices of cliffs, boulders, or scree slopes. Their ability to endure harsh conditions makes them well-suited for cold climates, though some species can also be grown in temperate regions with proper care.

In Finland, the term *kalkkikukka* specifically refers to species that grow on calcareous (limestone-rich) soils, distinguishing them from other saxifrages that prefer acidic substrates. Notable examples include *Saxifraga aizoides*, commonly called the "alpine saxifrage," and *Saxifraga stellaris*, known for its star-shaped flowers. These plants are valued in horticulture for their ornamental appeal and are sometimes cultivated in rock gardens or alpine houses.

Kalkkikukka species play an ecological role in their native habitats, contributing to soil stability and providing nectar for pollinators. Some are also used in traditional medicine, though their medicinal properties are not well-documented. Conservation efforts are important for certain rare or habitat-specific species, as habitat loss and climate change can threaten their survival.