Kalanterointia

Kalanterointia, often referred to as calendering in English, is a manufacturing process used primarily in the paper and plastics industries to smooth and polish surfaces. It involves passing a material between one or more heated rollers. These rollers, known as calenders, are typically made of polished steel or specialized materials depending on the application. The pressure and temperature applied by the calenders compress the material, flatten any unevenness, and impart a smooth, glossy finish.

The process can be adjusted to achieve different surface properties. Higher temperatures and pressures generally result in a smoother and glossier surface. In papermaking, kalanterointia is crucial for improving the printability and appearance of paper. It is often the final step before the paper is wound onto large rolls. For plastics, kalanterointia is used to create films and sheets with precise thickness and desired surface characteristics, such as a matte or high-gloss finish. The technique is also applied to rubber and certain textiles. Different types of calenders exist, including chilled iron calenders, polymer calenders, and supercalenders, each offering specific capabilities for various material types and desired outcomes. The efficiency and effectiveness of kalanterointia depend on factors such as roller temperature, speed, pressure, and the properties of the material being processed.