Kaasutus

Kaasutus is a Finnish term that can refer to two main concepts depending on the context. In chemistry and energy technology, kaasutus means gasification, a thermo-chemical process that converts carbon-containing feedstocks such as coal, biomass, or municipal waste into a gas mixture called synthesis gas or syngas, primarily consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The process occurs in a gasifier at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam and is used for electricity and heat production or as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. The efficiency and environmental impact depend on feedstock, technology, gas cleaning, and downstream use; gasification can offer advantages over direct combustion when paired with carbon capture and storage.

In medicine and dentistry, kaasutus refers to the administration of anesthetic gases to induce sedation or anesthesia. This typically involves inhaled agents such as nitrous oxide combined with oxygen, delivered through a mask, hood, or breathing circuit. Inhalation anesthesia or sedation is used for minor procedures and to alleviate anxiety or pain. It requires monitoring of vital signs, anesthesia equipment, and trained professionals; dosing and patient suitability are critical, with risks including hypoxia, respiratory depression, and airway complications.

Regulatory and safety considerations cover gas handling, equipment maintenance, occupational safety in industrial settings, and patient safety protocols in clinical contexts. The term kaasutus thus encompasses both a technical manufacturing process and a clinical procedure, with distinct applications, benefits, and risks.