K12

K-12 refers to the range of primary and secondary education from kindergarten through the 12th grade. The term is widely used in the United States and Canada to describe schooling before higher education, typically for students ages five to eighteen. In other countries, the equivalent structure is often described as primary and secondary education, with different grade splits and age ranges.

In the United States, K–12 education is primarily provided by public school districts and funded by state and local taxes, with standards overseen by state departments of education. Public schools may be complemented by private schools, charter schools, and homeschooling. Graduation requirements and diploma types vary by state.

Curriculum typically includes language arts, mathematics, science, social studies, and physical education, with additional subjects such as foreign languages and the arts. Standards frameworks guide learning, while assessments and standardized tests measure progress and inform accountability.

Access and challenges include funding disparities, geographic variation, and equity concerns. Special education, English language learners, and inclusive practices are central to many systems. Online and blended learning have expanded delivery options in some regions.

Globally, K-12 can refer to the pre-college education segment, with national systems differing in structure and duration. In addition, the term is used by some private and nonprofit organizations that provide online or hybrid K-12 curricula and services to students or districts.